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UC Electronic Reserve Legal Battle Brewing
From: "Dave Farber" <dave () farber net>
Date: Thu, 07 Apr 2005 16:58:25 -0500
------- Original message ------- From: Joseph Lorenzo Hall <joehall () gmail com> Sent: 7/4/'05, 13:11 http://chronicle.com/daily/2005/04/2005040701t.htm Thursday, April 7, 2005 Legal Battle Brews Over Texts on Electronic Reserve at U. of California Libraries By SCOTT CARLSON Publishers are objecting to an electronic reserve system at the University of California in which libraries scan portions of books and journals and make them available free online to students. In recent months, lawyers for the Association of American Publishers have sent letters to the university that object to the use of electronic reserves on the San Diego campus. The publishers say that the use of electronic reserves is too extensive, violating the "fair use" doctrine of copyright law and depriving them of sales. University officials counter that the electronic reserves at San Diego are well within the bounds of fair use. They worry that the letters portend a lawsuit. "They clearly had a lawsuit in mind when they started contacting our office," said Mary MacDonald, a lawyer for the university system. "Their position was that the 'evidence' showed that we weren't following fair-use guidelines, that this was a national issue, and that the set of facts gave them a good platform from which to take legal action." Ms. MacDonald said she sent a "comprehensive response" to the association in February, laying out how the university's electronic reserves respected fair use. She said she had not heard from the publishers since then. Allan R. Adler, vice president for legal and governmental affairs at the publishing group, said the university's responses "haven't been very satisfactory." "We are continuing to look at the issue and to contemplate what additional steps we need to take," he said. He would not say what those steps might be. Electronic reserves have become a popular method for distributing reserve reading at college libraries around the country. While students once had to turn up at the library to take supplemental readings from a shelf, colleges and universities can now post such articles and other materials online, where students can get access to them from, say, a dormitory room. At the University of California and at other institutions, electronic-reserve materials are generally protected by passwords, so that only students can see them. Offering limited amounts of supplementary materials for educational purposes, without having to pay royalties, is allowed under fair-use doctrine. But how much access libraries can provide is not always clear under the law. Mr. Adler contends that professors and libraries are offering too much. "We are finding," he said, "that far from being supplementary reading or additional reading supplied by the teacher, in many classes now it is becoming the required reading and the only reading." He said that electronic reserves have become more like "course packs," collections of required reading materials that, in earlier days, were photocopied from books and journals. For the publishers, there is a great distinction between materials that constitute "reserves" and those that compose a "course pack." In the 1990s, publishers won a series of lawsuits against commercial companies, such as Kinkos, that were copying and selling materials for course packs. Courts determined that the publishers, as the copyright holders, should be paid for the materials. Mr. Adler said he objects even to the notion of electronic reserves. This is not like the old days, he said, when one copy of a reading was at the library, and students had to hike there to read it. "We are talking about putting materials in digital form onto a library server, and then allowing students to have access to it as they choose, including in many instances the ability to download and print copies," he said. "That's not the same thing as traditional reserves." Ms. MacDonald, the University of California lawyer, said that the reserve system had not affected publishers' profits. She said that the publishers first contacted the library at San Diego in 2003 with a list of about 140 courses, the names of the professors teaching the courses, and the number of pages available on reserve for each course. Ms. MacDonald and other system representatives met with the publishers' group last November, and then conducted an investigation of electronic reserves at San Diego. She insisted that the practice conforms with the principles of fair use. "I don't think it would do anything for their cause to sue us, and I don't think they would win," she said. "If they were to sue us, they could well be making a very big public-relations mistake because our faculty are world-renowned, and we are the very people who provide their publishers with things to publish. There is a growing discontent among UC faculty about prices the publishers are charging, and faculty are starting to look at other avenues for publication of their work." Jonathan Franklin, associate law librarian at the University of Washington and a fair-use scholar, said that because the doctrine had not been well defined, some institutions have let fear of litigation determine how, or whether, they set up electronic reserves. "It's very vague as to what people can do, and institutions are so risk-averse that they license things they wouldn't normally have to license," he said. Still, he said, a legal battle might help clarify matters. "I would look forward to a resolution that was public," he said, "and that set out guidelines and standards under which universities could successfully offer electronic course reserves." (In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, this material is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving the included information for research and educational purposes.) -- Joseph Lorenzo Hall UC Berkeley, SIMS PhD Student <http://pobox.com/~joehall/> blog: <http://pobox.com/~joehall/nqb2/> This email is written in [markdown][]; an easily-readable and parseable text format. [markdown]: http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/ ------------------------------------- You are subscribed as lists-ip () insecure org To manage your subscription, go to http://v2.listbox.com/member/?listname=ip Archives at: http://www.interesting-people.org/archives/interesting-people/
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- UC Electronic Reserve Legal Battle Brewing Dave Farber (Apr 07)